1| To get refreshed info, you should call UpdateInstituitionLogin with refresh flag set as true immediately after DiscoverAndAddAccounts API call.
2| After getting refreshed information, you can directly call GetAccount, getAccountTransactions APIs.
3| Ideally it should add the delta. If it doesn't then you can do it programmatically by comparing existing accountIds against the same of API response. I didn't test it against any real FI. I used CC_Bank but it always returns a static list of accounts. - https://developer.intuit.com/docs/0020_customeraccountdata/customer_account_data_api/testing_calls_to_the_api
I can confirm the behavior and update this post.
Thanks