I had entered my private ssh key in ~/.ssh/id_dsa (I'm running on EC2 as user "ubuntu".
On a whim I searched for other .ssh directories and found /root/.ssh.
I copied the id_dsa file to that directory and this time OpsCenter was able to talk to all of nodes in my cluster and install the agent.
Although this "solves" the problem its a bit unsatisfying as the OpsCenter directions don't say anything about this and I'm not sure how I should have known to look for this other .ssh directory. On the other hand, it is working :-).