Every Processing sketch is a subclass of the PApplet class which has an args property
Here's a very basic example:
void setup(){
if(args != null){
for(int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
text(args[i],0,10+i*10);
}
}
Save this code as a sketch, export it, than run the executable from the command line and pass arguments to see what I mean.