I agree with the other comments about caching and the Chrome/Firefox marketplaces, and they may ultimately be better solutions for you. However, to answer your original question...
IndexedDB in Chrome is definitely not limited to 5 MB. You can store far more than 50 MB in IndexedDB in both Firefox and Chrome, assuming the user has enough hard drive space. Higher amounts of IndexedDB storage are regularly reached in this game I wrote. On my computer, I currently have over 500 MB stored in IndexedDB in Chrome for that one domain.
You did correctly link to https://developers.google.com/chrome/whitepapers/storage and it is quite confusing, but as I understand it, basically the upper limit is 10% of the free space on the hard drive. Another caveat described on that page is that IndexedDB is technically "temporary" storage that the browser might delete if space is running low, but in practice this seems to rarely happen (YMMV).