Please suggest most latest compiler than Turbo C++?

Question 1

Turbo C++ originally dates back to 1990, which is well before C++ was standardised. Development continued until 1994, stopped, and was then revived in 2006.

Now, 2006 isn't exactly "ancient", but a single release means limited bug fixes, and anecdotal evidence suggests that a product with such little attention paid to it is poor at satisfying the requirements of the C++ standard. That means unexpected behaviour, and non-portable code.

Still, it seems that certain educational institutions in certain countries insist upon using this software for teaching, with no clear reason.

The version after 2006's Turbo C++ is a product called C++Builder which is still maintained, with a version last released just this September.

Do these products have huge differences in their basic C++ support, compared to the mainstream compilers? No.^† But teaching with this software seems to be training millions of new software developers to use outdated tools without realising it, and without realising what that means. This is a great shame.

The mainstream compilers are recommended because they have an extraordinary amount of information available regarding their capabilities and flaws. You'll find that the vast majority of C++ software is built by one of the following toolchains:

^{^† Though given its release in 2006, it's highly doubtful that Turbo C++ gives you any coherent C++11 functionality, so that's a thing. C++Builder does support C++11, though it's not clear how mature this support is.}

Question 2

I would recommend you to use GNU GCC, but on windows you may also use Microsoft Visual Studio or mingw. Also clang is gaining a lot of popularity recently and is in fact very good.