If you want to run a task every n minutes, you should probably run a cronjob on an artisan command. This will fit your use case better.
Queues are something different. They are ment to be used to stack tasks in a queue list. In the background is a listener running, waiting for new tasks. Check the docs as well. You can start a listener by php artisan queue:listen
in the console. The docs suggest to use supervisord to manage that task, altough its not necessary. The listener will run as long as you don't terminate it.
However, you can also combine artisan commands with queues. E.g. run a command via cronjob, which generates new queued tasks. The queue listener will later run these tasks.
Also, check this very good answer for cronjobs versus queues.