Yodlee has data model designed as per different types of banking products like bank accounts, credit card accounts, loan accounts, investment accounts and so on. In Yodlee's terminology all these different products are called as containers. Now each container has their own set of fields which are relevent to any type of accounts under that category. Account_types are also a field under each container. Now savings/Checking accounts comes under bank container and will have same set of fields across all financial institutions and will not vary until and unless the financial institution does not have any of those fields present at their website.
You can find the list of accountTypes from this link
https://developer.yodlee.com/Indy_FinApp/Aggregation_Services_Guide/Data_Model/Yodlee_Account_Types
For complete look at the Yodlee data model you can check https://developer.yodlee.com/Indy_FinApp/Aggregation_Services_Guide/Data_Model
As of now we don't have any documentation which provides the meaning of each an every fields. You can actually ignore the localizedAcctType field and use the value from acctType field. Similarly you can ignore any such fields for different responses.
There is no such list available but there are APIs to get list of institutions by geographic region.