I was able to resolve this by removing the reference to parent in the child class. This turned out to not be necessary in my application since I often access children from the parent, but I never access the parent from the child. In other words, the new model looks something like:
App.Thing = DS.Model.extend({
// commented out -> parent: DS.belongsTo('App.ParentThing'),
title: DS.attr('String'),
location: DS.attr('String')
});