You have to turn the URL into a path string, break it apart by separating the extension from the full path, and then reconstruct it with the _SubCap extension appended. Code:
NSString *subCapString = .... // string to write to _SubCap.txt file
NSString *path = selectedFile.path;
NSString *extension = path.pathExtension;
NSString *strippedPath = [path stringByDeletingPathExtension];
NSString *newPath = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@_SubCap.%@", strippedPath, extension];
NSURL *subcapURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:newPath];
[subCapString writeToURL:subcapURL atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];