You were definitely on the right path using the <portlet:param>
tag to add parameters to a portlet URL. Perhaps you can try using more JSTL and fewer scriptlets. Try something more like the code snippet below.
<c:forEach items='${list}' var="travel">
<portlet:actionURL name="getTravelId" var="travelIdUrl">
<portlet:param name="idTravel" value="${travel.id}"/>
</portlet:actionURL>
<a href="${travelIdUrl}">${travel.id}</a>
</c:forEach>