The easiest way is to use a HashSet<String>
here. This can record all of the namse you've seen before and hence make it easy to determine when a new one is added.
Class TheClass
Dim seen As New HashSet(Of String)()
Sub TheFunction()
Dim list As New List(Of String)
For Each line In RichTextBox1.Lines
If line.Contains("255, 153, 51") AndAlso Not seen.Contains(line) Then
list.Add(line)
seen.Add(line)
End If
Next
End SUb
End Class
Now the list
type will only contain newly seen values