All you need is some regular Java/Groovy code:
def jenkinsBuild = System.getenv("BUILD_NUMBER") ?: "0"
The code above uses Groovy's "elvis" operator, and is a shorthand for the following code, which uses Java's ternary operator:
def buildNumber = System.getenv("BUILD_NUMBER")
def jenkinsBuild = buildNumber != null ? buildNumber : "0"