You'll find the portal-*.properties files that Liferay uses in the logs that are written during startup process.
Also, check if you have a portal-startup-wizard.properties
file in your ${liferay.home}
directory. That file is notorious in defining ${liferay.home}
to be in a different location (e.g. the location that you first installed Liferay in when the startup wizard ran). If this is the case, you'll still find your original location portal-ext.properties file, because that's actually ${liferay.home}/portal-ext.properties
The log will tell you the exactly used version of (all of these) file(s)
With regard to your corrupted database, you either need to start clean (if you don't need the old data) or restore your backup, then start the upgrade process again. I assume you have a backup?