This should be done with SOLR-5466 (EDIT this is done as of 4.8), but has no patch ready yet...
In this question on the mailing list two workarounds are given, both retrieving the info from zookeeper, via api call or parsing html response to a get.
Here are the two workarounds:
ZK client API you could just do a get_children on the zk node /collections/ to get all collections.
without ZK client API point this url at your solrCloud install
href="http://host:port/solr/zookeeper?detail=true&path=%2Fcollections
you should be looking for children under the collections node.