Example on ToggleButton

Question 1

Just remove the line toggle.toggle(); from your click listener toggle() method will always reset your toggle button value.

And as you are trying to take the value of EditText in string variable which always remains same as you are getting value in onCreate() so better directly use the EditText to get the value of it in your onClick listener.

Just change your code as below its working fine now.

  btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                       //toggle.toggle();
            if ( ed.getText().toString().equalsIgnoreCase("1")) {

                toggle.setTextOff("TOGGLE ON");
                toggle.setChecked(true);
            } else if ( ed.getText().toString().equalsIgnoreCase("0")) {

                toggle.setTextOn("TOGGLE OFF");
                toggle.setChecked(false);

            }
        }
    });

Question 2

<ToggleButton 
    android:id="@+id/togglebutton"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:textOn="Vibrate on"
    android:textOff="Vibrate off"
    android:onClick="onToggleClicked"/>

Within the Activity that hosts this layout, the following method handles the click event:

public void onToggleClicked(View view) {
    // Is the toggle on?
    boolean on = ((ToggleButton) view).isChecked();

    if (on) {
        // Enable vibrate
    } else {
        // Disable vibrate
    }
}

Question 3

You should follow the Google guide;

ToggleButton toggle = (ToggleButton) findViewById(R.id.togglebutton);
toggle.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
    public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
        if (isChecked) {
            // The toggle is enabled
        } else {
            // The toggle is disabled
        }
    }
});

You can check the documentation here

Question 4

Try this Toggle Buttons

test_activity.xml

<ToggleButton 
android:id="@+id/togglebutton" 
android:layout_width="100px" 
android:layout_height="50px" 
android:layout_centerVertical="true" 
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:onClick="toggleclick"/>

Test.java

public class Test extends Activity {

private ToggleButton togglebutton;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);
    togglebutton = (ToggleButton) findViewById(R.id.togglebutton);
}

public void toggleclick(View v){
    if(togglebutton.isChecked())
        Toast.makeText(TestActivity.this, "ON", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    else
        Toast.makeText(TestActivity.this, "OFF", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

Question 5

Update: Please have a look at material components here https://material.io/components/buttons/android#toggle-button There is a section for toggle button which should be use instead of the oudated answer below.

Old Answer ( not recommended anymore)

Move this

 btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
     editString = ed.getText().toString();

inside onClick

Also you change the state of the toogle button whether its 0 or 1

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/controls/togglebutton.html

Example:

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
        android:text="Button" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_marginTop="26dp"
        android:ems="10" >

        <requestFocus />
    </EditText>

    <Switch
        android:id="@+id/switch1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignRight="@+id/editText1"
        android:layout_below="@+id/editText1"
        android:layout_marginTop="51dp"
        android:text="Switch" />

    <ToggleButton
        android:id="@+id/togglebutton"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_below="@+id/switch1"
        android:layout_marginTop="58dp"
        android:onClick="onToggleClicked"
        android:textOff="Vibrate off"
        android:textOn="Vibrate on" />

</RelativeLayout>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

    EditText ed;
    Switch sb;
    ToggleButton tb;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ed = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);
        Button b = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        sb = (Switch)findViewById(R.id.switch1);
        tb = (ToggleButton)findViewById(R.id.togglebutton);
        b.setOnClickListener(this);
    }


    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        String s = ed.getText().toString();
         if(s.equals("1")){

             tb.setText("TOGGLE ON");
             tb.setActivated(true);
             sb.setChecked(true);

         }
         else if(s.equals("0")){

             tb.setText("TOGGLE OFF");
             tb.setActivated(false);
             sb.setChecked(false);

    }
        
    }
     }

Snaps

enter image description here

Question 6

I think what are attempting is semantically same as a radio button when 1 is when one of the options is selected and 0 is the other option.

I suggest using the radio button provided by Android by default.

Here is how to use it- http://www.mkyong.com/android/android-radio-buttons-example/

and the android documentation is here-

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/controls/radiobutton.html

Thanks.

Question 7

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    editString = ed.getText().toString();
    if(editString.equals("1")){

        toggle.setTextOff("TOGGLE ON");
        toggle.setChecked(true);

    }
    else if(editString.equals("0")){

        toggle.setTextOn("TOGGLE OFF");
        toggle.setChecked(false);

    }
}