No. It is not possible in a universal way.
Some devices will support the format <a href="sms://1234567890"></a>
and some will support a default message by adding ?body=your message here
after the telephone number.
Question
I learnt from this Question that you can trigger a phonecall using Html on modern browsers. Is it possible to trigger text messaging for mobile devices in html?
Solution
No. It is not possible in a universal way.
Some devices will support the format <a href="sms://1234567890"></a>
and some will support a default message by adding ?body=your message here
after the telephone number.