You have to apply the theme in your manifest like this:
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
...
<application
android:theme="@style/Theme.Example"> <!-- Add the android:theme attribute to the application tag -->
....
EDIT
API > 14 uses the android:
namespace for the ActionBar in it, while the Compat lib doesn't use it.
values\styles.xml
:
<style name="Theme.Example" parent="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light">
<item name="actionBarItemBackground">@drawable/selectable_background_example</item>
<item name="popupMenuStyle">@style/PopupMenu.Example</item>
<item name="dropDownListViewStyle">@style/DropDownListView.Example</item>
<item name="actionBarTabStyle">@style/ActionBarTabStyle.Example</item>
<item name="actionDropDownStyle">@style/DropDownNav.Example</item>
<item name="actionBarStyle">@style/ActionBar.Solid.Example</item>
<item name="actionModeBackground">@drawable/cab_background_top_example</item>
<item name="actionModeSplitBackground">@drawable/cab_background_bottom_example</item>
<item name="actionModeCloseButtonStyle">@style/ActionButton.CloseMode.Example</item>
</style>
values-v14\styles.xml
:
<style name="Theme.Example" parent="@style/Theme.AppCompat.Light">
<item name="android:actionBarItemBackground">@drawable/selectable_background_example</item>
<item name="android:popupMenuStyle">@style/PopupMenu.Example</item>
<item name="android:dropDownListViewStyle">@style/DropDownListView.Example</item>
<item name="android:actionBarTabStyle">@style/ActionBarTabStyle.Example</item>
<item name="android:actionDropDownStyle">@style/DropDownNav.Example</item>
<item name="android:actionBarStyle">@style/ActionBar.Solid.Example</item>
<item name="android:actionModeBackground">@drawable/cab_background_top_example</item>
<item name="android:actionModeSplitBackground">@drawable/cab_background_bottom_example</item>
<item name="android:actionModeCloseButtonStyle">@style/ActionButton.CloseMode.Example</item>
</style>
See values vs values-v14 on Android Developers.