Use QSizePolicy.setVerticalStretch
:
import PyQt4.QtGui as gui
app = gui.QApplication([])
w = gui.QWidget()
la = gui.QFormLayout()
w.setLayout(la)
tw = gui.QTreeWidget()
sp = tw.sizePolicy()
sp.setVerticalStretch(1)
tw.setSizePolicy(sp)
la.addWidget(tw)
w.show()
app.exec_()