I see that your questions is about regexes, so my apologies if this answer is off topic, though if I may suggest a slightly different approach, clj-time includes a time formatter that can handle most of these cases out of the box:
project.clj:
(defproject hello "0.1.0-SNAPSHOT"
:description "FIXME: write description"
:url "http://example.com/FIXME"
:license {:name "Eclipse Public License"
:url "http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html"}
:dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.5.1"]
[clj-time "0.6.0"]]
:source-paths ["dev"])
user> (def custom-formatter (formatter "dd/MMMMMMMMM/YYYY"))
#'user/custom-formatter
user> (parse custom-formatter "14/June/2014")
#<DateTime 2014-06-14T00:00:00.000Z>
user> (parse custom-formatter "14/september/2014")
#<DateTime 2014-09-14T00:00:00.000Z>
So you could write one time format string for each permutation and then just try each until you get a match