Thanks to John Ament's comment this is how I fixed my Problem:
I'm re-invoking the @PostConstruct annotated init() method of my DAO bean before the test is executed. So I added
@Before
public void before(){
dao.init();
}
to my CountryDAOTest Junit test class.
The problem in detail is that the @PostConstruct annotated init() method is invoked when CountryDAO() is injected in CountryDAOTest.
The insert of my test data happens before the invocation of getCountryFromDAO() when CountryDAO is already injected in CountryDAOTest and init() already called.