This is just my experience, but most of the time I got error 500, it's when I don't have read/write permissions on certain folders on the server. Be aware, IIS is running with “network_service” account and not your user account.
Another source of error can be not changed DataSourceString. You have an option to change it during publishing (If you use Visual publish system, if not change it by hand) I think there is about 90% chances your problem is one of these two.
Feel free to comment, so I can respond and assist you