Hm, not all that much to go on, but from what you've actually shared it might be that you're not actually displaying the self.scene property. In the code where you setup the SKView you have:
SKScene *scene = [SKScene sceneWithSize:self.view.bounds.size];
but this is not the same as the .scene property (unless you're doing a self.scene = scene;
somewhere inside the method). From what little information we have my guess is that you're either not displaying the self.scene property or that you're covering it up with the new instant. If this is in deed the case then it should be as straightforward as changing what you got to:
SKView *skBG = [[SKView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
_scene = [SKScene sceneWithSize:self.view.bounds.size];
// Set the scale mode to scale to fit the window
self.scene.backgroundColor = [SKColor colorWithRed:0.12f green:0.2f blue:0.27f alpha:1.0f];
self.scene.scaleMode = SKSceneScaleModeAspectFit;
[skBG presentScene:self.scene];
NSString *myParticlePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"MyParticle" ofType:@"sks"];
SKEmitterNode *snowParticle = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:myParticlePath];
snowParticle.particlePosition = CGPointMake(160, 284);
self.scene addChild:snowParticle];
[self.view addSubview:skBG];