Only solution that worked reliably was Zam3D. It's extremely expensive for a hobbyist, so I'm still looking for additional solutions, but in the short term (using their free demo period) I was able to get the models I needed mapped correctly.
EDIT: After further investigation I switched from using the ViewPort3D to the Helix3D Toolkit. It's a third party library - which I generally try to avoid, but it's almost a drop-in replacement for the existing Viewport3D. If you're having issues getting XAML 3D objects, or converting your objects to XAML's 3D format, Helix3D supports 3DS - precluding the need to do any conversion.
Helix3d: http://helixtoolkit.codeplex.com/