The sizes increases in steps of 4 "modules", a module being one little black or white square.
The smallest QR Codes (version 1) are 21x21 modules, version 2 is 25x25, and so on until the practically-impossible-to-scan version 40 which is 177x177 modules.
Source: the "ISO 18004" norm defining QR Codes (I can't link to it since it's not available for free...)