A friend pointed me to this. The linked article is 8 pages long, but it is verbose in its explanation. The short version of the answer is:
... And that brings me to what I really want to discuss, which is how
CIFS Server (Samba) deals with this.
As you would expect from an application that was grown to bridge
the gap between the Unix and Windows worlds, it is very flexible.
This is both good and bad - with flexibility comes responsibility,
and sometimes not a little confusion. There are four configuration
options that Samba provides to allow one to define its behavior
when dealing with matters of 'case':
preserve case = (yes/no)
short preserve case = (yes/no)
default case = (upper/lower)
case sensitive = (yes/no)
The solution is to configure Samba to handle case sensitivty (or case preservation issues) the way that works for your specific needs.