I guess that's defined in the stylesheet of the theme you are using. You can try overriding the style of the widget using GtkCssProvider. A python example could look something like
my_style_provider = Gtk.CssProvider()
my_style_provider.load_from_data(b'GtkWidget { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; }')
context = widget.get_style_context()
context.add_provider(my_style_provider, Gtk.STYLE_PROVIDER_PRIORITY_APPLICATION)
Note: untested.