The technique you are using is only for passing variables from code behind to the corresponding aspx markup. It is not possible to render something from code behind in the linked javascript file. However what you can do is create a variable on the page, and use it in the js file.
On the page, say on Page_Load, do something like this:
string script = string.Format("var DateFinMax = {0};", this.DateFinMax);
Page.ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptBlock(typeof(Page), "initDateFinMax", script, True);
And in the script file simply use it, since this is just another javascript variable:
minDate : 0,
maxDate: DateFinMax,
showOn: 'both',
As long as your script is added on the bottom of the page, variable should be visible.