In SDL Trados Studio you can define your own filetypes. You can extract text with regex or you can actually build your own parser in C#. Depends on the size of your project if this is overkill or not.
Is the format the same as the windows resource .rc files? If yes, you can convert them to .po files and then use POedit. http://docs.translatehouse.org/projects/translate-toolkit/en/stable-1.11.0/commands/index.html