I finally found the reason why the folder could not be created. Afterwards it seems pretty simple and stupid, but if you could take a look at the complete source code you would unterstand how this could happen. In my defense I have to say that I came to this project for further development because the original developer left the project. For your better understanding I simplified the code a lot.
dirPaths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
docsDir = [dirPaths objectAtIndex:0];
imgDir = [docsDir stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"images"];
The imgDir was actually saved in userPreferences and a proxy class always returned the saved path, which is a really bad idea. During the update process the app gets a new guid which reflects in the apps documents path. So trying to create a folder in the previous version documents folder had to fail as it doesn't exist anymore. I corrected the code to never save the path and always return the current one with the code above.