Does iOS respect the
Cache-Control: no-store
header?
Yes.
If using a third party, you'll need to make sure that you're not using any third party libraries that ignore this header, though. For example, SDWebImage has its own caching rules, while AFNetworking just uses NSURLCache.
Some more helpful details are here: http://nshipster.com/nsurlcache/ (the Apple documentation on this class is lacking.)