The answer to my question is: I already mentioned that the email address could although be the id in the mailchimp subscriber list. And so it was.
So I used this code in the model to unsubscribe the old email adress and add the new user to the subscriberlist:
if self.previous_changes.include?("email")
email = self.previous_changes[:email][0]
UsersMaintainer.perform_async( action: :unsubscribe_newsletter, email: email )
end
UsersMaintainer.perform_async( action: :update_newsletter_info, user_id: self.id )
and add the new member to the list.
Maybe it's not the best way but it is working! ;)
Thanks to anybody who has read the question!