Try this:
$message = \Swift_Message::newInstance();
$imgUrl = $message->embed(Swift_Image::fromPath('http://site.tld/logo.png'));
$message->setSubject($this->translator->trans("Invitación a la comunidad %community%", array(
'%community%' => $community->getNiceName()
)))
->setFrom('manolez@gmail.com', 'redConvive') // TODO DRY
->setTo($email)
->setReplyTo($inviter->getEmail(), $inviter->getFullName())
->setBody($this->templating->render(
'ProInvitationsBundle:Invitations:inviteEmail.html.twig',
array('community' => $community, 'inviter' => $inviter, 'url'=>$imgUrl)
), 'text/html');
for more detailed info on how to use SwiftMailer, it's always good to Read the Documentation
UPDATE
To include the image in a twig template, you use it like any other twig variable:
<img src="{{ url }}">