What you want to do can be done, sort of. The main caveat is that each time you update your cache, it will redownload the whole lot rather than just the new files you have added.
The code to force the browser to read the new appcache file is pretty simple:
function updateCache(){
var appCache = window.applicationCache;
appCache.update();
if (appCache.status == window.applicationCache.UPDATEREADY) {
appCache.swapCache();
}
}
I suggest having a read of http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/appcache/beginner/ and http://appcachefacts.info/ for more information.