If anybody stumbles across this having had the same problem, I managed to get my code working by doing the following:
- In the pyinstaller hooks folder, rename 'hook-vtkpython.py' to 'hook-vtk.py'
I then got a different error when running the executable generated by pyinstaller about not being able to find a module called QtOpenGL. This was happening inside a file in the vtk folder in site-packages called __helper.py. I simply commented out the last two lines to remove its teeth.
I also changed my code so that rather than importing all of vtk I just imported the bits I needed. Not sure if just the first or both of these steps were necessary to solve the problem I'm afraid, but solve it they/it did. The problem was happening with Python (x,y) 2.7.5.1. Your mileage may vary.