Yes, you can. You may use buffer as PBO and then create a texture from your buffer.
glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, BufferB);
GLuint someTex;
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glGenTexutre(1, &someTex);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, someTex);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA32F, 1, sizeOfYourBuffer, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_FLOAT, nullptr);
// nullptr is interpret as an offset in your buffer
In case of using PBO, TexImage* works fast since CPU is not involved in texture initialization.
Disadvantage of the approach is that the texture is not allowed to be changed. But if you are implementing iterating method you may use the "pin pong strategy" (Have different buffers for previous and new state; Swap it after visualization).