Instead of
<div class="form-group">
<%= f.fields_for :participations do |f_p| %>
<%= f_p.label :user_ids, "Users" %>
<%= f_p.select :user_ids, options_from_collection_for_select(User.all, :id, :name), { :multiple => true } %>
<% end %>
</div>
You could try:
<div class="form-group">
<% User.all.each do |user| %>
<%= check_box_tag 'event[user_ids]', user.id, @event.user_ids.include?(user.id) -%>
<%= label_tag user.name %>
<% end %>
</div>