It depends on your client's driver. Usually you specify one or several "contact points" to which your client initially connects and then the driver discovers the topology of your cluster.
For example: http://www.datastax.com/drivers/java/2.0/apidocs/com/datastax/driver/core/Cluster.html
But if your driver doesn't support that, and you always specify just one node to connect, and that node is down, then...