Assuming that dagen is a column that contains a comma separated list of days of the week, try something like this:-
SELECT * FROM playlist_item
WHERE playlist_id='31'
AND type_id='56'
AND jobcomplete='0'
AND startuur<=TIME(NOW()) AND einduur >=TIME(NOW())
AND (dagen='*' OR FIND_IN_SET(DAYOFWEEK(NOW()), dagen));
Note that a comma separated list is generally a sign of a poorly normalised database.