First of all: You are using the PHP and ACF correctly, and the thumbnail should be populated.
But you are hiding it with your:
#post-img a {
display:none;
}
This is simply telling every a inside of #post-img, that it should not be shown. Since your img is inside of a it is thus not shown.
JSFiddle where I changed display:none; to display:block; for illustrative purposes.
Let me know if this helps you.