Backtracking algorithm with Python
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27-10-2019 - |
Question
I am trying to implement an algorithm that takes in two ints n and k where n is the number of seats in a row, and k is the number of students trying to sit in that row. The thing is that each student must be at least two seats from each other on both side. What I have is a function that generates all subsets (an array of either 0 or 1 s, 1 meaning someone is sitting there) and I send this to a function to check to see if it is a valid subset. This is the code I have for that function
def process(a,num,n):
c = a.count('1')
#If the number of students sitting down (1s) is equal to the number k, check the subset
if(c == num):
printa = True
for i in range(0,n):
if(a[i] == '1'):
if(i == 0):
if( (a[i+1] == '0') and (a[i+2] == '0') ):
break
else:
printa = False
elif(i == 1):
if( (a[i-1] == '0') and (a[i+1] == '0') and (a[i+2] == '0') ):
break
else:
printa = False
elif(i == (n-1)):
if( (a[i-2] == '0') and (a[i-1] == '0') and (a[i+1] == '0') ):
break
else:
printa = False
elif(i == n):
if( (a[i-2] == '0') and (a[i-1] == '0') ):
break
else:
printa = False
else:
if( (a[i-2] == '0') and (a[i-1] == '0') and (a[i+1] == '0') and (a[i+2] == '0') ):
break
else:
printa = False
if(printa):
print a
else:
return
The code works for small inputs of k and n but if I get higher values I get an index out of list error for some reason I can't figure out.
Any help out be great thanks.
O the input a is the list that looks something like this
['1','0','0','1','0'] # a valid subset for n=5 and k=2
['0','0','0','1','1'] # an invalid subset
EDIT:
Code that calls process:
'''
This function will recursivly call itself until it gets down to the leaves then sends that
subset to process function. It appends
either a 0 or 1 then calls itself
'''
def seatrec(arr,i,n,k):
if(i==n):
process(arr,k,n)
return
else:
arr.append("0")
seatrec(arr,i+1,n,k)
arr.pop()
arr.append("1")
seatrec(arr,i+1,n,k)
arr.pop()
return
'''
This is the starter function that sets up the recursive calls
'''
def seat(n,k):
q=[]
seat(q,0,n,k)
def main():
n=7
k=3
seat(n,k)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
The error I get if I use these numbers are
if( (a[i-2] == '0') and (a[i-1] == '0') and (a[i+1] == '0') ):
IndexError: list index out of range
Solution
It is sufficient to exclude invalid seating arrangements, namely, when the students seat next to each other ['1', '1']
or when there is only one seat between them ['1', '0', '1']
all other arrangements that have correct numbers of '1'
, and '0'
are valid, example:
def isvalid(a, n, k):
if not isinstance(a, basestring):
a = ''.join(a) # `a` is a list of '1', '0'
return (len(a) == n and a.count('1') == k and a.count('0') == (n-k) and
all(p not in a for p in ['11', '101']))
There are more efficient algorithms to generate valid subsets without checking all subsets e.g.,
def subsets(n, k):
assert k >= 0 and n >= 0
if k == 0: # no students, all seats are empty
yield '0'*n
elif k == 1 and (n == 1 or n == 2): # the last student at the end of the row
yield '1' + '0'*(n-1) # either '1' or '10'
if n == 2: yield '01'
elif n > 3*(k-1): # there are enough empty seats left for k students
for s in subsets(n-3, k-1):
yield '100' + s # place a student
for s in subsets(n-1, k):
yield '0' + s # add empty seat
Example
n, k = 5, 2
for s in subsets(n, k):
assert isvalid(s, n, k)
print(s)
Output
10010
10001
01001
OTHER TIPS
The indexes for an array of length n
is from 0
to n-1
. Thus accessing n
is out of list.
The code that generates the lists must have a bug if you haven't noticed this on smaller values.