Well, I'm not completely certain what I did, but it's now working.
The most likely situation is that the directory had some of the wrong files marked read-only. Allowing all files to be writeable, plus restarting Eclipse for the fourth time today, eliminated my problems, in both projects (the one depicted above and another one).
Now, it's entirely possible that I did something else along the way that got picked up by the restart of Eclipse, or just that Eclipse wanted to restart (again) before it decided to behave.
Anyway, thanks to all who provided advice!