I came up with this answer which is posted here for future reference. I know it is not the most efficient method but it does the job.
// first check if the point is on a circle with the radius of the arc.
// Next check if it is between the start and end angles of the arc.
public static bool IsPointOnArc(Point p, Arc a)
{
if (p.Y * p.Y == a.Radius * a.Radius - p.X * p.X)
{
double t = Math.Acos(p.X / a.Radius);
if (t >= a.StartAngle && t <= a.EndAngle)
{
return true;
}
}
return false;
}