Development app key/secret are for development environments (connecting to development servers).
Production app key/secret are for production environments (connecting to production servers).
DO NOT SWITCH BETWEEN THE TWO IN THE APP!!
I recommend creating two apps in Urban Airship (as you mentioned with A-Debug and B-Release). One for development, and another for production. From there, use the inProduction = false for developing and inProduction = true for when you publish the app. EG:
developmentAppKey = A-Debug-KEY developmentAppSecret = A-Debug-SECRET
productionAppKey = B-Release-KEY productionAppSecret = B-Release-SECRET
gcmSender = 1234567891
inProduction = false will use A-Debug Key and Secret inProduction = true will use A-Release Key and Secret
This will help with testing your push notifications before sending them out to your entire audience.