Configuration options for Exim should be edited in exim.conf
, as the dovecot.conf only affects how dovecot works. They are two separate programs.
As far as I know, there is no way to directly configure Exim to log the password in cleartext in the logfile. What you can do is add lines like the following
server_debug_print = "running smtp auth $1 $2"
under the correct authenticator in your exim.conf
(or all of them) and then run exim -d
which enables the debugging mode (but also makes exim run in the foreground with all debug output going to stdout).