I've found a way to discriminate both kinds of devices. Instead of using in the MediaRouteSelector the control category MediaControlIntent.CATEGORY_REMOTE_PLAYBACK (aka "give me all the devices capable of remote playback") I now use CastMediaControlIntent.categoryForRemotePlayback() (aka "give me all the devices capable of remote playback using the default receiver application"). And now I only get Chromecasts. :)
This is only applicable to sender apps that don't want to create their own Chromecast remote app, of course.