You can do this by opening the edit list widget item tab , and look into the properties. and set the checkState property.
**UPDATE **
item = QtGui.QListWidgetItem()
item.setText(QtGui.QApplication.translate("Dialog", x, None, QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8))
item.setFlags(item.flags() | QtCore.Qt.ItemIsUserCheckable)
item.setCheckState(QtCore.Qt.Unchecked)
self.listWidget.addItem(item)