Take a look on Expiration Headers. With this approach your client (browser) will load JS/CSS files only for the first time and then it will keep them in cache
Example how to do it with .htaccess file: https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/blob/dac15682b35ad69f519205e1b82694d0cab189ca/.htaccess#L192
Keep in mind, that when clients store your file in cache they won't send requests for this file again till it expire - even if you change content in this files. The best approach is appending something to file name every time when you change them, for example :
<script src="path/to/js/file.js?t={TIMESTAMP}" type="text/javascript"> </script>
where {TIMESTAMP} is a timestamp of last deployment/file modification