Question a bit old but I'm feeling like answering.
Object Pool is a design pattern which helps to reduce garbage collecting by reusing once created objects. When you use object then you get it from pool. When you don't need it anymore, then put it back to the pool, so later it can be reused. Best example of using object pools in gamedev is particle system implementation.
There are many ways to do it in ECS. The simplest is to create some RenderableComponent, put some PositionComponent and RenderSystem which renders based on those two. The fact you might miss there is that Artemis doesn't provide any rendering, it just to manages entities and systems. Look into this wiki and likes on the bottom there to get more info about using ECS.