This was stupid. I decided not to delete the question, because if anyone actually seeks this on Google, this might help.
For search engine optimization reasons, I had the following entry in my web.config:
<rule name="LowerCaseRule1" stopProcessing="true">
<match url="[A-Z]" ignoreCase="false"/>
<action type="Redirect" url="{ToLower:{URL}}"/>
</rule>
That would obviously screw up these things.
So if you find this on google: make sure you don't have any strange rules and routes.