Recursion in PowerShell is as simple as this:
Get-ChildItem 'C:\base\folder' -Include '*.xls*' -Recurse | % {
& cscript.exe //NoLogo 'C:\path\to\your.vbs' $_.FullName
}
However, rather than running a VBScript for each file I would recommend translating your VBScript code to PowerShell. It doesn't require much effort, and it will also improve overall performance of your code.